Located in the south of the Netherlands, the De Loonse en Drunense Duinen National Park is a haven of sand dunes, forests and heathlands. This place is constantly changing as the sand shifts with the wind, making it one of the largest sand areas in Western Europe. Discover what makes this park a must-visit destination.
Content
- 1 Information about De Loonse en Drunense Duinen National Park
- 2 How to get to De Loonse en Drunense Duinen National Park
- 3 Geography of De Loonse en Drunense Duinen National Park
- 4 How were the sand dunes in De Loonse en Drunense Duinen formed?
- 5 Flora of De Loonse en Drunense Duinen National Park
- 6 Fauna of De Loonse en Drunense Duinen National Park
- 7 Recommended excursions and activities
- 8 What to see and do in De Loonse en Drunense Duinen National Park
- 9 Gastronomy of the region near De Loonse en Drunense Duinen National Park
- 10 Accommodations near De Loonse en Drunense Duinen National Park
Information about De Loonse en Drunense Duinen National Park
History
De Loonse en Drunense Duinen National Park, known in Dutch as Nationaal Park De Loonse en Drunense Duinen, has a history dating back to the medieval period when human activity and environmental changes profoundly altered its landscape. This area of sand dunes began forming in the late Middle Ages as a result of deforestation and intensive use of natural resources by small farming communities. As population pressure increased, overgrazing and soil overuse disrupted the natural balance, creating vast sandy desert areas.
During the Eighty Years’ War, this process was intensified by scorched-earth tactics ordered by William of Orange throughout the Meierij region of ‘s-Hertogenbosch, then under Spanish control. These actions accelerated soil erosion, leaving large areas exposed to the wind. The unstoppable advance of the dunes buried entire settlements, including the medieval village of Westloon and the farm De Ersteling, whose remains lie hidden beneath the park’s sands.
The national park is managed by Vereniging Natuurmonumenten, Het Brabants Landschap and De Duinboeren, along with private landowners.
Restoration and conservation efforts
Starting in the 14th century, efforts began to control dune movement through the planting of oak trees. In the 18th and 19th centuries, pines and wind-resistant grasses such as marram grass were introduced to stabilize the land. However, in the 21st century, conservation efforts shifted to preserving this unique landscape of moving dunes by selectively removing trees. The park, with dunes up to 24 meters high, combines active sand areas with coniferous and deciduous forests, meadows and wetlands.
Historical events in the area
The park also holds historical significance due to events during World War II. In 1944, fourteen resistance members were executed in this region by German forces. Although the exact locations of the executions and victims’ graves remain unknown, the area stands as a reminder of the hardships of the past.
In addition, one of the park’s most remarkable areas, known as "De Brand," was formed after the filling of an old watercourse called Zandleij. This area, originally a peat bog, remains a wetland habitat that contrasts with the park’s arid dunes.
Location
This park is located in the province of North Brabant, near the cities of Tilburg, ‘s-Hertogenbosch and Eindhoven. Its central location makes it easily accessible from anywhere in the country, making it one of the best-connected national parks in the Netherlands. It is less than an hour from the De Biesbosch National Park, another of the Dutch natural wonders.
Best time to visit De Loonse en Drunense Duinen National Park
Spring and autumn are the most recommended seasons when temperatures are pleasant and the landscape fills with vibrant colors. However, each season has its own charm, from the sunny days of summer to the quiet winter atmospheres.
How to get to De Loonse en Drunense Duinen National Park
From ‘s-Hertogenbosch
The park is just a 20-minute drive from ‘s-Hertogenbosch. It can also be reached by bus, with regular routes connecting the city to the main entrance.
From Tilburg
Tilburg is less than 15 kilometers from the park, making cycling a popular option. Public transportation connections are also available.
From Eindhoven
From Eindhoven, the park is about 40 minutes by car. Alternatively, train and bus are practical options for visitors.
From Amsterdam
For those traveling from Amsterdam, the journey takes about 1 hour and 30 minutes by car. One can also take a train to Tilburg and then continue by bus or bicycle.
Geography of De Loonse en Drunense Duinen National Park
Known as "the desert of the Netherlands," this park combines active sand dunes, dense forests and wetlands. Its variety of ecosystems offers a unique contrast within a compact space.
How were the sand dunes in De Loonse en Drunense Duinen formed?
The sand dunes of De Loonse en Drunense Duinen are the result of thousands of years of natural processes and human activity. During the last Ice Age, strong polar winds carried sand from the north into the Brabant region where it accumulated in thick layers. Later, these sandy areas were covered by dense primeval forests that kept the soil stable. However, starting in the 14th century, massive tree cutting by inhabitants to obtain fuelwood exposed the sand to the elements.
The transformation of forests into heathlands through agriculture and intensive grazing contributed to soil erosion. This excessive use depleted the land, allowing sand to move freely with the wind. This phenomenon posed a serious problem for residents as villages and fields were at risk of being buried under the sand. To slow this advance, reforestation efforts began with trees like oaks and pines, but the dunes kept expanding, shaping the landscape we see today.
The dunes change daily
Today, the area features 270 hectares of drifting sand, creating extreme conditions for the species that inhabit it. The dry, nutrient-poor soil combined with temperature variations of up to 50 degrees Celsius between day and night has resulted in flora and fauna remarkably adapted to these hardships. Among the plants that thrive in these conditions are sand sedges and various lichens, while animals such as viviparous lizards, sand beetles and sand bees are common in the park.
A dynamic environment for walking on sand, strolling among trees and seeing exposed roots
Exploring the Loonse en Drunense dunes is an experience that allows visitors to immerse themselves in a natural environment full of contrasts. You can walk across the sandy plain, stroll among dusty trees whose roots barely cling to the sandy hills or even come across the flock of sheep that help maintain the heathlands. The sheep play an important role in keeping the landscape open by eating young trees and shrubs, preventing vegetation from overtaking the dunes.
In addition to walking, the park offers options for cycling or horseback riding, allowing visitors to enjoy the wind in their hair and the sand underfoot. After exploring, visitors can relax in nearby restaurants where they can quench their thirst while admiring the beauty of this nature reserve.
Flora of De Loonse en Drunense Duinen National Park
The park is home to a variety of plants, from hardy pines in the dunes to ferns and mosses in the shadier areas. In spring, wildflowers add a touch of color to the trails, reflecting its uniqueness as one of the last "living sand" areas in Europe. This term describes areas where the wind can move sand freely, creating a dynamic ecosystem. However, maintenance is essential to preserve this phenomenon, as without proper management, species like sand sedge and buntgrass stabilize the ground with their long roots, allowing mosses, lichens and eventually shrubs and forests to grow.
In the wetter areas of the park, such as the Zandleij area, the flora is noticeably different. Here, humus-rich soils and clean water from underground seepage create an ideal environment for species such as wood anemone and yellow archangel. In spring, these plants form a colorful tapestry that contrasts with the austerity of the dunes and heathlands. This space is also an important refuge for plants adapted to extreme conditions, such as lichens and wind-resistant grasses.
Fauna of De Loonse en Drunense Duinen National Park
Among the animals that inhabit the park are foxes, deer and badgers which find ample space to thrive in this environment. After years of absence, the badger has returned to the park, taking advantage of the area’s favorable conditions. In nearby Huis ter Heide, a herd of Scottish Highlanders helps maintain ecological balance, though they remain within their designated territory.
Biodiversity also extends to amphibians and reptiles in the Zandleij area, where species like the tree frog, great crested newt and common toad thrive thanks to clean water and unique habitat conditions. Among the insects, the park is home to butterflies such as the swallowtail and a wide variety of sand beetles.
Connectivity and conservation
The park’s isolation due to urban development has made it difficult for animals to migrate between natural areas. To address this, the Westloonse Wissel ecoduct was opened in 2015, an overpass connecting the park to the Huis ter Heide estate. This ecological bridge has been used by species such as the natterjack toad, martens and lizards, contributing to the conservation of local biodiversity.
Recommended excursions and activities
The park offers numerous hiking and cycling routes as well as designated picnic areas. Guided tours are also available to learn more about its biodiversity.
What to see and do in De Loonse en Drunense Duinen National Park
Sand dunes
The vast sand dunes are the park’s main attraction, perfect for exploring on foot or simply enjoying their unique beauty.
Mixed forests
Enter the forests surrounding the dunes where the trees provide shade and tranquility.
Wetlands
The park’s wetland areas are home to aquatic species and are excellent for birdwatching.
Pond trail
This trail takes you through picturesque landscapes including small ponds surrounded by vegetation.
Hiking and cycling routes
Explore the park’s well-marked trails, suitable for both beginners and experienced visitors.
Birdwatching
The park is a popular destination for birdwatchers thanks to the wide variety of species visible throughout the year.
Panoramic viewpoints
Climb the higher areas of the dunes for impressive views of the surrounding landscape.
Gastronomy of the region near De Loonse en Drunense Duinen National Park
Local products such as cheese and honey
Artisanal cheeses and honey produced in the region are must-tries for food lovers.
Traditional Brabant dishes
Enjoy local dishes such as meat stews and smoked sausages, typical of North Brabant.
Recommended restaurants in the area
Visit restaurants in Kaatsheuvel and Loon op Zand to taste local cuisine in a welcoming atmosphere.
Accommodations near De Loonse en Drunense Duinen National Park
Hotels in Kaatsheuvel
Kaatsheuvel, located just 5 kilometers from the park, offers a wide range of comfortable and well-equipped hotels ideal for families and couples. This town is also known for being home to the famous Efteling theme park, making it a great option to combine nature and entertainment.
Cabins and campsites in the park
For those seeking a direct connection with nature, the park offers several cabins and camping options. These accommodations provide an immersive experience surrounded by dunes and forests, with facilities suitable for families and groups of friends.
Rural accommodations in Loon op Zand
Just 3 kilometers from the park, Loon op Zand offers a selection of rural lodgings known for their peaceful setting and proximity to nature. It’s the perfect place to unwind in a cozy environment after a day of exploration.
Options in Tilburg
Tilburg, about 15 kilometers from the park, is a vibrant city that combines culture, gastronomy and a wide range of accommodations. From boutique hotels to modern apartments, it’s ideal for those who prefer an urban environment without straying too far from the park.
Hotels and restaurants in ‘s-Hertogenbosch
Around 20 kilometers from the park, ‘s-Hertogenbosch, also known as Den Bosch, offers charming accommodations in its historic center. It’s a culturally rich destination, famous for its Gothic cathedral and local cuisine. An excellent choice for those seeking to combine nature and culture.
Places to stay in Waalwijk
Just 6 kilometers from the park, Waalwijk is a quiet town with several hotels and bed and breakfasts that offer comfort and proximity to De Loonse en Drunense Duinen National Park. Its strategic location also makes it easy to access other attractions in the region.
