Bosques Petrificados de Jaramillo National Park

Embark on a journey through time at the Bosques Petrificados de Jaramillo National Park (in English: Petrified Forests of Jaramillo National Park and in Spanish: Parque Nacional Bosques Petrificados de Jaramillo), one of Argentina’s best-kept secrets. A place where history and geology merge to create a mighty landscape, filled with remnants of forests dating back to the era of dinosaurs.

Introduction to the Bosques Petrificados de Jaramillo National Park

Geographical Location and How to Get There

Located in the province of Santa Cruz, the Bosques Petrificados de Jaramillo National Park is situated in the Patagonian Steppe ecoregion, in the Deseado department. The nearest towns are Jaramillo and Fitz Roy, which are 140 km north of the paleontological site. The simplest way to reach the park is by road, either from Puerto Deseado or from Las Heras, via Provincial Route 43. It can be located using the coordinates: 47°40′00″S 68°10′00″W.

History and Declaration as a National Park

The park was established in 1954 as a Natural Monument (Decree No. 7.252/54) and was elevated to National Park status on December 27, 2012 (Law No. 26.825/12) to protect the fossil remains of an ancient forest dating back 150 million years. During its establishment, the protected area was expanded to 63,543 hectares with the goal of conserving the paleontological heritage and ecosystem of Patagonia. In this region, a diverse forest once thrived, featuring araucarias, pines, ferns, cycads, and benetitales similar to palm trees (now extinct). During that era, the landscape was quite different, lacking the Andes Mountains and characterized by a warmer and more humid climate. However, due to environmental changes caused by volcanic activity, the forest was buried under layers of ash and sediment, giving rise to the impressive petrified forests found in the park today.

Jaramillo’s Climate

Jaramillo experiences a semi-arid climate characterized by low precipitation levels. The average annual temperature in Jaramillo is 15°C, while the average annual precipitation reaches 283 mm. Rainfall is absent for about 215 days per year, and the average humidity hovers around 59%. The UV Index in the area is 4, so appropriate precautions are recommended to protect against solar radiation.

Landscape Description and Geological Features

General Landscape Description

The Bosques Petrificados de Jaramillo National Park is characterized by its vast steppe interrupted by imposing rock formations and fossilized tree trunks. The textures and colors of the soil appear as if from an abstract canvas, with the Cerro Madre e Hija (Mother and Daughter Hill) dominating the landscape—a remnant of an ancient volcanic cone.

Geological Features and Origin of the Petrified Forests

The petrified forests are the result of a permineralization process that occurred millions of years ago. Volcanic ash covered the vegetation, preserving its structure as minerals petrified the tree trunks. Erosion has exposed these geological wonders.

Main Attractions and Places to Visit

Petrified Tree Trunks

Some of the fossilized araucaria tree trunks reach heights of up to 30 meters and are oriented towards the east. It is estimated that they were knocked down by extremely strong winds of over 300 km/h, generated by explosive volcanic events from the west.

The petrified tree trunks found in Jaramillo are a testament to that distant past. Today, the landscape is dominated by vast steppe, where shrubs and coiron grasses take the spotlight. Among the shrubs, molle and Patagonian carob stand out, characterized by their large thorns. The mata laguna and calafate, with their unique beauty, can also be found. Other common shrubs in the area include duraznillo, thyme, neneo, mata guanaco or mata amarilla, lengua de fuego, colapiche, and mata negra. These species contribute to the richness and diversity of the park’s flora, adding a touch of color and life to the arid Patagonian steppe.

Prehistoric Sites

In prehistory, over 10 millennia ago, the area now encompassing the Bosques Petrificados de Jaramillo National Park was inhabited by hunter-gatherers. Traces of their presence can be found in various types of discovered settlements, including workshops or "picaderos," base camps, burial sites, and quarries for raw material extraction. Particularly, the fossilized wood of the park’s araucarias was selected for crafting stone tools.

The diversity of microenvironments in the area, such as meadows, temporary lagoons, canyons, plateaus, and grasslands, provided these communities with a variety of accessible resources within short distances. They had year-round access to water from springs, shelter and firewood, good visibility, animals for hunting like guanacos and choiques or ñandú petisos, and an abundance of rocks for tool making. These resources available in different environments contributed to the economy of these prehistoric human groups.

Flora and Fauna Observation

The park is a great spot for observing Patagonian wildlife. The region is inhabited by guanacos, foxes, and even pumas. Birds of prey are abundant, such as the black-chested buzzard-eagle. Additionally, it is the habitat of the choique, the loica, and the mighty tucúquere, a large owl. The protected area is also home to the Patagonian flicker, a bird species emblematic of the region.

Among the mammals, the Patagonian opossum can be found, a small marsupial with little-known biology that makes it a species of special interest and value. Alongside the mentioned guanacos, piches, and gray foxes, these animals complete the diversity of the fauna present in the protected area.

The vegetation mainly consists of coirón grass and mata negra.

Iconic Fauna of the Park

The guanaco, the largest camelid in South America, is an emblem of the Bosques Petrificados de Jaramillo National Park. This animal is perfectly adapted to its environment, with cushions on its hooves that prevent soil erosion while moving. Its long legs enable it to run at high speeds to escape its primary predator, the puma. Additionally, its dense coat protects it from adverse weather conditions.

Cerro Madre e Hija

Cerro Madre e Hija, a prominent feature in the park’s landscape, are the remnants of a volcano that formed approximately 18 million years ago. Their presence adds a distinctive element to the scenery of the Bosques Petrificados de Jaramillo National Park.

Hiking Trails and Excursions

The park offers several trekking trails that wind through the petrified forests. The trails vary in difficulty, providing options for both beginners and experienced hikers. The main trail is about 2 km long, allowing visitors to explore the petrified araucarias at a leisurely pace.

Geological Points of Interest

The geological points of interest allow visitors to admire the fossilized trees and impressive rock formations. A visit to the Santa Teresita Quarry is essential, renowned for its concentration of petrified trunks.

Recommended Activities and Experiences in the Park

Self-guided and Guided Tours

The park offers self-guided and guided tours, allowing visitors to learn more about the park’s geology, flora, and fauna. Experienced guides provide a wealth of information and perspective.

Landscape and Wildlife Photography

With its stunning blend of arid landscapes and geological formations, the Bosques Petrificados de Jaramillo National Park is a paradise for photographers. Opportunities for wildlife photography are also abundant.

Educational and Interpretive Experiences

The park offers a range of educational and interpretive programs that teach visitors about the geological history of the area, native flora and fauna, and the importance of conservation.

Tips for Visitors and Trip Preparation

Best Time to Visit

The best time to visit is during the summer months, from December to March, when temperatures are milder. However, visitors are advised to be prepared for the changing conditions of the Patagonian climate.

Park Rules and Regulations

To protect this unique environment, visitors must adhere to the park’s rules and regulations. This includes staying on designated trails, not disturbing the animals, and not collecting fossils.

Equipment and Excursion Preparation

It’s important to bring appropriate equipment for excursions, including sturdy footwear, weather-appropriate clothing, sunscreen, water, and food. Carrying binoculars to observe wildlife is also advisable.

Park Services and Facilities

Accommodation and Dining Options

There is no accommodation or dining within the park, and camping is prohibited. Visitors must plan their visit and sleeping arrangements in advance. The nearby towns of Jaramillo and Fitz Roy offer lodging and restaurants.

About 20 km away, there is a private campground where overnight stays are possible.

Visitor Services

The visitor center provides information about the park, along with maps and guides. Public restrooms are also available for visitors.

Accessibility and Facilities for Visitors with Special Needs

The park is working to improve its accessibility and provide facilities for visitors with special needs. Currently, trail improvements and ramp installations in key areas are underway.

Conservation and Park Challenges

Conservation Efforts

The park is under the protection of the Argentine government, and measures have been implemented to preserve its natural and cultural heritage. Scientific research is conducted, and environmental education is promoted to raise awareness about the importance of conservation.

Threats and Challenges

The National Park faces challenges such as erosion, unregulated tourism, and fossil theft. These threats endanger the park’s integrity and require constant vigilance.

How Visitors Can Contribute to Park Conservation

Visitors can contribute to park conservation by following rules and regulations, respecting the natural environment, and reporting any illegal or suspicious activity that may harm the park. Supporting the park’s education and conservation programs is also encouraged.

Cultural and Scientific Context of Jaramillo

Scientific and Paleontological Significance

The park holds significant scientific and paleontological importance as it houses fossil remains of prehistoric forests. These fossils provide invaluable insights into the evolution of flora and climate in the region over millions of years.

Cultural Relevance and Local Heritage

The park also has cultural relevance and is considered local heritage. The fossils and geological formations are cherished for their beauty and historical importance, serving as a source of pride for local communities.

Impact on Tourism and the Local Economy

Tourism has brought economic benefits to the Jaramillo park, driving the development of tourism services and job creation for local communities. However, it’s crucial to balance tourism with conservation to ensure long-term sustainability.

With its geological richness, natural beauty, and scientific value, the park offers visitors a unique and enriching experience. Immerse yourself in this Patagonian treasure and uncover the petrified history beneath your feet.

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