The Alerce Costero National Park, located in the region of Los Ríos, Chile. It is an area protected by the Chilean government, being a sanctuary of ancient larches and unique biodiversity. Immerse yourself in breathtaking landscapes, walking trails through nature and immense trees such as the "Great Larch Grandfather". Welcome to an unparalleled experience in the middle of the wild nature of Los Rios!
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Introduction to Alerce Costero National Park
Geographic Location
Located in the Los Ríos Region in Chile, between the communes of La Unión and Corral, in the provinces of Valdivia and Ranco, the Alerce Costero National Park is about 52 km from the city of La Unión, being accessible through Route T-85, with multiple public and private transportation options to reach its main entrance. It can be geographically located by the coordinates: 40°10′25″S 73°28′26″W / -40.173666666667, -73.473916666667.
History of the Park
Created on November 6, 2010, the Alerce Costero National Park aims to protect the species of flora and fauna endemic to the region, due to the fact that in glacial times it served as a refuge for wildlife, being able to find unique species of the area. The total area is 13,975.00 hectares
Since 2012 it has been included in the Alerce Costero Natural Monument recognized by UNESCO. In 2017 it was designated as a Biosphere Reserve also by UNESCO, especially protecting the larch trees, some of which are more than 3,000 years old.
Larch trees in the park are an endangered species and are the second longest-lived trees on the planet. Its preservation is key to the biodiversity and ecological balance of the region.
Geography and Geology
Geological features
The geology of the park is varied and rich, with ancient rock formations and fertile soils. Larch trees grow in glacial valleys, creating stunning landscapes.
Climate
The climate of the park is temperate, warm, rainy, characteristic of the region. The average annual temperature remains around 12°C, with January being the warmest month with an average of 17°C, while July is the coldest with an average temperature of 7.6°C.
In terms of rainfall, this area has an abundant amount of rainfall, reaching up to 4,000 mm in the area of the Pelada mountain range. The summer months, such as January, receive an average of 64 mm of rainfall, which means that it cannot be considered a dry summer season. During the winter, snow is also part of the landscape, covering the ground with thicknesses of up to 40 cm.
Topography
The topography of the park is varied, with altitudes ranging from sea level to over 1,500 meters. This provides a rich diversity of landscapes and habitats.
Biodiversity in Alerce Costero
Flora
More than 11,000 years ago, during the last ice age, the Cordillera de la Costa was not covered by the ice that advanced from the Andes, which allowed the ancestral presence of larches in this protected area. Along with the larch, other plants and animals found in this refuge the ideal place to survive the rigors of past times.
In the past, larches dominated much of the landscape of the Cordillera de la Costa. However, due to natural disturbances and human activities, their presence was restricted only to places where other species could not grow. In the shrub stratum, you can find the Tepu (Tepualia stipularis) and the Taique (Desfontainia spinosa), which coexist with the majestic larches. On the ground, there is an abundance of Quila (Chusquea sp), Murta Blanca (Ugni candollei) and Coicophue (Philesia magellanica), which embellish the larches with their pink flowers and yellowish fruits.
The Great Grandfather – Alerce Milenario
The "Great Millennial Larch Grandfather" is an amazing living being that has witnessed the history of mankind for millennia. With an estimated age of around 3,500 years, this larch is one of the oldest specimens on the planet. Second only to the Bristlecone Pine, which grows in the United States, the Larch is among the longest-lived species in the world.
Its imposing presence shows a trunk with a diameter of 4.2 meters and a perimeter of 11 meters. Its annual growth is almost imperceptible, with less than a millimeter per year, highlighting the incredible slowness of its development.
The "Great Millennium Larch Grandfather" is so special that Chile has recognized it as a Natural Monument, and the State has taken measures to protect it. Since 1976, Supreme Decree No. 490 prohibits its felling, guaranteeing its conservation and allowing this natural treasure to continue to exist and be a living and invaluable part of the Earth’s history. Their existence is proof of the importance of preserving and protecting the unique and valuable species that our planet is home to.
Fauna
The ecosystems present in the park have favorable characteristics for the development of various species of avifauna, composed of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish and invertebrates. Among the most characteristic are:
- Monito del Monte: Found in Chile’s Alerce Costero National Park, it is a small nocturnal marsupial, known for its adorable appearance and arboreal habits. This one-of-a-kind animal is an important seed disperser in the park’s forest ecosystems, playing a vital role in the region’s biodiversity.
- Güiña or "Chilean wildcat": small and enigmatic feline that lives in the forests of the park. It is an endangered species and its sighting is a privilege due to its elusive nature.
- Puma or "mountain lion" or "cugar": a feline found in the park’s ecosystems. It is one of the main predators of the region and a symbol of Chilean wildlife.
- Lesser Choroy (Enicognathus leptorhynchus): A small, colorful parrot found in the area. Their distinctive presence and calls add a vibrant touch to the park’s forests.
- Pudú: small deer endemic to Chile and one of the smallest mammals in the world. It is adorable and is usually found in forests, where it feeds on leaves and shoots.
- Black Woodpecker (Campephilus magellanicus): A species of bird noted for its deep black and red plumage. Its distinctive hammering on tree trunks echoes through the forest and is a sign of its presence.
- Culpeo fox (Lycalopex culpaeus): A canid native to South America. Their fur ranges from reddish to grayish and their tail is fluffy and black. He is a skilled hunter and can be seen in the surroundings of the park.
- Chucao (Scelorchilus rubecula): small, stocky bird with striking black and reddish plumage. Its melodious song resonates in the woods and its presence is a delight for bird lovers.
- Kingfisher (Ceryle torquata) is a colorful bird that is often found near rivers and lakes. Its fast flight and fishing skills make it an impressive sight in its natural environment.
- Concon (Enicognathus ferrugineus): Parrot found in the park, known for its reddish plumage and playful, social behavior.
- Rayadito (Aphrastura spinicauda): small bird endemic to Chile and Argentina. It is easy to identify by its striped head and melodious singing.
- Spotted frog (Eupsophus emiliopugini): a species of amphibian that lives in humid forests and near rivers and streams. Its mottled skin and distinctive song make it a lovely species to watch.
Tourist Attractions and Main Activities
Chaihuín Viewpoint
The Mirador de Chaihuín is a must-see place in the Alerce Costero. From this vantage point, you can enjoy a spectacular panoramic view of the coast and the Pacific Ocean. The scenic beauty of the viewpoint offers an unforgettable experience and a special connection with the nature of the Los Ríos region in Chile.
Millennial Larch Trail
The Millennial Larch Trail is an exciting trekking route within the national park. This trail takes you on a fascinating journey through the impressive forests, where you can contemplate the magnificence of the "Great Grandfather", one of the oldest larch trees in the world.
The Union
La Unión is a charming town located in the Los Rios region of Chile, which serves as a starting point for adventurers who want to explore the protected area. With its welcoming atmosphere and proximity to the park, La Union offers an ideal base for visitors looking to immerse themselves in the stunning nature of the area.
Trumao
Trumao is a picturesque town that is located in the vicinity of the park. Its strategic location and tranquil atmosphere make it a point of interest for nature lovers who want to explore the wonders of the park and immerse themselves in its lush vegetation.
Oldest Trees in the World
Among the oldest trees in the world is the "Millennial Grandfather", also known as the "Great Grandfather", one of the most treasured icons of the Alerce Costero National Park. With an estimated age of approximately 3,500 years, it ranks among the longest-lived living things in the world. Its imposing presence and rich history are a source of inspiration and admiration for all those who have the privilege of contemplating it.
Planning and Preparation of Visits
Best time to visit
The best time to visit Alerce Costero National Park is from November to March, as during these months the weather conditions are more favorable. During this period, warmer temperatures are experienced and there is less chance of heavy rain.
It is advisable to wear appropriate clothing for rain and cold throughout the year.
How to get there
To access the different sectors of the park, you can use the following routes:
- Access to the Mirador Sector (Alerce Milenario): through Route T-80. This route will take you to the viewpoint from where you can enjoy a spectacular view of the "Great Grandfather" Alerce Milenario.
- Access to the Chaihuin Sector: this sector can be reached by taking Route T-450. The Mirador de Chaihuín, mentioned above, is located in this sector, offering a breathtaking panoramic view of the coast and the Pacific Ocean.
- Access to the Catrielfu Sector: enter this sector by taking Route T-720 from the city of Corral. This sector of the park offers opportunities to explore various trails and enjoy the surrounding nature.
- Access to the Romaza Sector: enter this sector also through Route T-720, but this time from the city of La Unión. The Romaza Sector offers a unique experience for visitors, with hidden trails and natural wonders to discover.
Prices
Entrance fees to Alerce Costero National Park vary according to the age and nationality of the visitors. Below are the prices:
- National child (age 11 years old and under): income released.
- National teen (12 to 17 years old): $2,500.
- National adult: $4,000.
- National senior citizen (over 60 years of age): income released.
- Disabled national child (age 11 years and under): income released.
- National adolescent with a disability (12 to 17 years old): admission released.
- Adult national disabled: $2,500.
- National disabled senior citizen (over 60 years of age): income released.
- Foreign child (age 11 years and under): income released.
- Foreign teenager (12 to 17 years old): $4,000.
- Foreign adults and seniors (including those with disabilities): $8,000.
It is important to note that prices are subject to change and that it is advisable to check the updated information before planning your visit.