Located in the Western Andes Region of Colombia, a natural sanctuary of unparalleled beauty stands: Los Nevados National Park (PNN). This park beckons adventurers, nature lovers, and seekers of scenic wonders, offering a unique experience through its mighty volcanoes, rich biodiversity, and vibrant local culture. The promise of adventure blends with the opportunity to learn about the importance of environmental conservation while exploring one of Colombia’s most impressive landscapes. Get ready to immerse yourself in an article that will not only guide you through the less-traveled paths of Los Nevados but also inspire you to pack your mountain boots and embark on an unparalleled adventure.
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Introduction to Los Nevados National Park
Los Nevados National Park is located in the Colombian Western Andes Region, spanning territories of the departments of Tolima, Caldas, Quindío, and Risaralda. Its extension covers a vast area of 583 km² amidst the towering Central Andes Range.
With a rich history spanning from the pre-Columbian era to its designation as a national park on April 30, 1974, Los Nevados National Natural Park has become a destination offering fascinating journeys through time and nature, opening three years prior to El Cocuy National Natural Park. Here, visitors encounter a natural landscape brimming with biodiversity and wild nature.
Los Nevados encompasses territories of the departments of Tolima, Caldas, Quindío, and Risaralda. Its extension covers a vast area of 583 km² amidst the mighty Central Andes Range.
Situated at the geographical coordinates 4°48’00″N and 75°22’00″W, Los Nevados is surrounded by the Colombian cities of Armenia, Ibagué, Manizales, and Pereira, making it easily accessible for nature lovers and adventurers.
Its altitude ranges from 2600 meters above sea level up to the impressive 5300 meters at the snowy peaks, creating a unique environment that harbors exceptional biodiversity and dreamy landscapes.
Declared a protected area since 1974 and managed by the National System of Protected Areas (SINAP) under the direction of the Colombian Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development, it offers an invaluable refuge for the conservation of Andean flora and fauna, as well as for the preservation of the water resources that supply the surrounding regions.
Geography and Climate
Los Nevados is a Colombian national park characterized by a cold climate, with perpetual snow and páramo. The landscape of the protected area is a spectacle of nature, with its varied terrain including glaciers, valleys, and volcanoes. The climate varies significantly with altitude, offering everything from temperate zones to cold glaciers, making it essential to choose the right time to visit and enjoy all that the park has to offer.
Thawing
The thawing phenomenon in the Nevados has been a cause for concern for several decades. In 2002, the Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology, and Environmental Studies (IDEAM) issued a warning about the alleged thawing of the glacier caps in this protected area. Clear evidence of this process is the disappearance of the Ice Cathedrals, impressive caves at the base of the glacier cap of Nevado del Ruiz, which ceased to exist before 1995 and were popular among climbers.
In the late 19th century, there were six glaciers on the summits of El Ruiz, Santa Isabel, Tolima, El Cisne, Quindío, and Paramillo de Santa Rosa, all located at around 4500 meters above sea level.
During the second half of the 20th century, the thawing phenomenon has intensified. Currently, of the six mentioned glaciers, only three have managed to survive: Nevado del Ruiz, Santa Isabel, and Tolima. The others completely disappeared by the late 1970s. However, the glaciers that still persist face a constant thawing process, with the situation of Nevado del Tolima and Santa Isabel being particularly worrying, as their current extent does not exceed two square kilometers. It is estimated that these two glaciers could completely disappear between the years 2040 and 2050 if the thawing process continues at the current rate.
Biodiversity
Flora
The diversity of flora in Los Nevados is vast, with endemic species adorning the landscape. From frailejones to colorful orchids, the park is a botanical paradise waiting to be explored.
The predominant vegetation is the páramo, characterized by frailejones, mosses, lichens, and colorful algae that adorn the various lagoons, along with the presence of sunflowers and some orchids that have managed to adapt to the extreme conditions of high altitudes, beautifying the horizons of the snow-capped peaks.
The rocky soils of the park, along with the presence of abundant deposits of pumice stone, contribute to the uniqueness of the landscape, creating a unique environment that captivates visitors and scientists alike, underscoring the importance of conserving this valuable natural heritage.
Fauna
The fauna of Los Nevados National Park is equally rich, offering the possibility of sighting unique species such as the Andean condor. This park is a key destination for wildlife enthusiasts, photography lovers, and ecotourism.
Los Nevados harbors exceptional biological richness, both in its flora, as we have discussed, and in its lush fauna. Among the bird species that find refuge in this natural paradise are the hummingbird, Andean toucans, the hawk, and the mighty Andean condor, a symbol of freedom and greatness.
As for mammals, the park provides habitat for a varied range of species, including the mountain goat, opossums, Andean bears, pumas, and armadillos, each playing a crucial role in the ecological balance of the region.
Main Attractions
The heart of the park is its towering snow-capped peaks, each with its own character and challenges for adventurers. Hiking and trekking routes lead visitors through changing landscapes, from green valleys to snowy summits, while hot springs offer a well-deserved rest after a day of exploration.
Nevado del Ruiz
With an altitude of 5,320 meters above sea level and volcanic activity, access to the glacier may be restricted for safety reasons, but you can still explore the Valley of Solitude at 4,500 meters above sea level, also known as the Valley of Tombs. The route offers stunning views and the possibility to closely observe volcanic activity and the unique landscape of the area.
At certain times, access to the glacier of Nevado del Ruiz in Los Nevados National Park may be restricted for safety reasons. We recommend checking before your visit.
Nevado del Santa Isabel
Standing at an altitude of 4,960 meters above sea level, this peak is easily accessible and offers day tours from several nearby cities. From the snowy summit to hiking trails, you can enjoy nature in its splendor, always accompanied by specialized guides to ensure the safety of visitors.
Nevado del Tolima
With an altitude of 5,220 meters above sea level, this peak is one of the most beautiful but also one of the most challenging to visit. It is recommended to undertake the journey accompanied by experts and with the appropriate equipment, enjoying the spectacular Andean landscape along the way.
Laguna del Otún
At 3,950 meters above sea level, this beautiful lagoon is immersed in the unique páramo ecosystem, offering a great diversity of fauna and flora. It is one of the most important wetlands in Colombia and an ideal place to enjoy nature in its purest state.
Paramillo del Quindío
With an altitude of 4,760 meters above sea level, this paramillo offers panoramic views of Nevado del Tolima and an impressive natural environment. From Salento or La Florida in Pereira, you can enjoy a journey full of nature and the possibility of spotting Andean flora and fauna.
Laguna Verde
Situated at 4,196 meters above sea level, this lagoon offers a spectacular landscape alongside Nevado Santa Isabel. Surrounded by páramo and superpáramo, it is home to a wide variety of flora and fauna species, creating a unique and fascinating environment.
Paramillo de Santa Rosa
At 4,600 meters above sea level, this paramillo offers unique volcanic landscapes and breathtaking panoramas of the central mountain range. Although less visited, it is an ideal destination for nature and adventure lovers.
Laguna Negra
Although not within the jurisdiction of the park, it is a must-visit place on the route to the Nevado del Ruiz Volcano. With birdwatching opportunities and the chance to enjoy coca tea, it is a perfect spot to rest and enjoy the view of the volcano.
Laguna Leona
Located at 3,900 meters above sea level, this lagoon offers an impressive landscape and the opportunity to experience the beauty of the páramo in its purest state. It is part of a longer journey through Los Nevados National Park, ideal for the most adventurous travelers.
El Cisne Visitor Center
This visitor center offers luxury mountain accommodation and full services for visitors wishing to explore Los Nevados National Park. With a strategic location and panoramic views, it is the perfect starting point for various hiking and mountaineering activities in the region.
Recommended Tourist Activities
From ice climbing to birdwatching, Los Nevados National Park invites visitors to immerse themselves in a variety of outdoor activities, each offering a unique way to connect with nature. We recommend hiking routes, observing flora and fauna, and for the more adventurous, engaging in ice and rock climbing.
Local Culture and Communities
The villages and indigenous communities surrounding the park are custodians of a rich cultural heritage. Learning about their traditions and festivals is an essential part of the Los Nevados experience, providing a deep insight into the relationship between humans and the mountains.
The surroundings of Los Nevados National Park are imbued with a rich cultural heritage, enriched by the presence of various indigenous villages and communities. These communities not only bear witness to history but also serve as custodians of ancestral traditions that have endured through generations.
Exploring local culture and participating in traditional festivities is an essential part of the Los Nevados experience. These festivities, often linked to nature and the sacred relationship these communities have with the mountains, offer a profound and enriching insight into the connection between humans and their natural environment.
During these celebrations, it is possible to witness folk dances, ancestral rituals, and ceremonies that honor the spirits of the mountains and give thanks for the natural resources they provide. Visitors have the opportunity to immerse themselves in the daily life of these communities, learning about their beliefs, customs, music, gastronomy, and crafts, which reflect the richness and diversity of Colombian culture.
Additionally, local communities offer the characteristic hospitality of the region, sharing their knowledge and experiences with visitors and extending a warm welcome to their land. Through interaction with locals, bonds of friendship and mutual understanding are established, enriching the travel experience and fostering greater respect for cultural diversity and the environment.
By getting to know and appreciating local culture and indigenous communities in the surroundings of Los Nevados National Park, the conservation of these traditions is promoted, and the importance of preserving Colombia’s cultural heritage for future generations is recognized.
Quimbaya Village
Descendants of the indigenous Quimbaya people primarily inhabit the Quindío and Risaralda regions. Their cultural legacy includes archaeological artifacts, such as the famous pre-Columbian gold figures, as well as traditions and cultural practices passed down through generations.
Pijao Community
The Pijaos are an indigenous community that historically inhabited the region now comprising the departments of Tolima, Quindío, and Risaralda. Although their presence has diminished over time, they still preserve aspects of their culture and traditions, including traditional medicine, craftsmanship, and a worldview related to nature.
Arhuaco Village
While not directly located in the vicinity of Los Nevados National Park, the Arhuacos are an indigenous community of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta who share a spiritual connection with nature and the mountains. Their presence in the region provides a unique perspective on the relationship between humans and the environment.
Cocora Community
The Cocora community, located in the Cocora Valley in the department of Quindío, is known for being the home of the wax palms, Colombia’s national tree. These indigenous people have a close relationship with the mountainous landscape of the region and engage in activities such as coffee production and agriculture.
These indigenous communities and villages not only contribute to the cultural diversity of the region but also play an important role in the conservation of local ecosystems and the promotion of sustainable land use practices. Their presence and traditions add a unique dimension to the experience at Los Nevados National Park, offering visitors the opportunity to learn and appreciate Colombia’s cultural richness.
Sustainability and Conservation
Commitment to conservation is fundamental in Los Nevados National Park. Visitors are encouraged to practice responsible tourism, ensuring that the park’s wonders can be enjoyed by future generations.
Planning Your Visit and How to Get There
Planning your visit is key to a successful experience. Here you will find practical tips, from how to pack to where to stay, ensuring that your adventure is everything you hope for and more.
Entry Route to the Park from Manizales, Caldas
From the city of Manizales, take the main road towards Bogotá. After reaching the stop called LA ESPERANZA at kilometer 23, turn right and continue for 14 kilometers until you find the intersection towards Murillo, Tolima, on the left, and the unpaved entrance towards the Brisas induction center, on the right.
Along this road, ecotourists can advance only 5 more kilometers until they reach a place known as "El Valle de las Tumbas" (4,400 meters above sea level).
It is important to note that since 2010, the Nevado del Ruiz volcano has been on yellow alert, so access to the glacier edge from this area is not possible.
There is also the option of entering the park from Villamaría, Caldas, taking the route towards the Papayal village, known as the Condor Route. This route leads to places like La Laguna, the La Cueva sector, and towards Conejera.
Entry Route from Risaralda
From Pereira, we can take a chiva that passes through La Florida and La Suiza until reaching El Cedral. From there, we begin the journey through the forest or along the bridle path to Laguna del Otún, with an estimated time of 10 hours.
On this route, it is possible to camp in various places to split the journey into two days. One of the highlights is the little school, where you can rest before reaching Laguna del Otún.
We can also take a jeep from Santa Rosa de Cabal to Potosí and from there walk three hours to the beautiful Laguna del Otún.
Entry Route through Quindío
From the terminal in Armenia, we can take a bus to Salento and then a jeep from Salento Park to Valle del Cocora. From there, we start a trekking or hiking route of 9 hours to Finca La Primavera or Finca Argentina.
From these places, we can access Nevado del Tolima or the Termales del Cañón. We can also take the path to the El Bosque village, which leads to Laguna del Otún and Nevado del Santa Isabel.
From the Department of Tolima
From the city of Ibagué, head towards Juntas to start a hiking or trekking route of 10 hours to the Termales del Cañón or Nevado del Tolima.
Another entry option is through Anzoátegui, via Palomar until vehicles can enter at La Cascada village. From there, we start the hiking route to Mesetas, Termales del Cañón, and Nevado del Tolima.
Entrance Fee to the Nevado
At the Nevado, you’ll have the opportunity to immerse yourself in wonderful landscapes and exciting adventures that the place offers. This area is perfect for spending the day with family, friends, or simply solo.
The cost of entry to the Nevado varies depending on several factors, such as the length of stay, the type of activities you wish to do, any additional services required, and other aspects. Generally, the entrance fee starts from $50 per person, although there may occasionally be special discounts available.
In addition to the entrance fee, there is a wide range of activities that can be enjoyed at the Nevado, such as trekking, rafting, climbing, and bird watching. These activities can be done individually or in groups, depending on each visitor’s preferences.
Furthermore, various additional services are offered to make the stay more comfortable, such as accommodation, restaurants, boat rides, and much more. All these services have an additional cost to the entrance fee.
Safety and Recommendations
Safety is paramount in the Los Nevados National Natural Park. By following recommendations and safety measures, visitors can ensure both an exciting and safe experience.
When visiting the high areas of the park, it’s advisable to walk slowly and take enough time to acclimatize.